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随着探索提高植物整体光合能力相关研究的不断开展,麦类作物穗部器官等植物非叶绿色器官光合潜力挖掘逐渐得到关注。本研究在成都平原秋播美达、贝勒、莫尼卡、摄政王、泰克和甜燕60等6个品种燕麦,设置遮穗、去颖2个试验处理,比较分析了各品种间穗部特征、穗部光合贡献率、颖片光合贡献率和茎光合物质转移率等差异。结果表明,燕麦穗部器官光合贡献率为28.56%~49.05%,其中甜燕60最高;6个品种燕麦的颖片光合贡献率为11.03%~36.88%,茎光合物质转移率为6.65%~35.81%。燕麦穗部器官对籽实增重表现了较高的光合贡献,当燕麦穗部器官光合受到限制时,燕麦单粒种子重和单穗种子数显著降低,尤其是影响双粒小穗数。 相似文献
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Quantifying key model parameters for wheat leaf gas exchange under different environmental conditions 下载免费PDF全文
ZHAO Fu-nian ZHOU Shuang-xi WANG Run-yuan ZHANG Kai WANG He-ling YU Qiang 《农业科学学报》2020,19(9):2188-2205
The maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco(V_(cmax)) and maximum rate of electron transport(J_(max)) for the biochemical photosynthetic model, and the slope(m) of the Ball-Berry stomatal conductance model influence gas exchange estimates between plants and the atmosphere. However, there is limited data on the variation of these three parameters for annual crops under different environmental conditions. Gas exchange measurements of light and CO_2 response curves on leaves of winter wheat and spring wheat were conducted during the wheat growing season under different environmental conditions. There were no significant differences for V_(cmax), J_(max) or m between the two wheat types. The seasonal variation of V_(cmax), J_(max) and m for spring wheat was not pronounced, except a rapid decrease for V_(cmax) and J_(max) at the end of growing season. V_(cmax) and J_(max) show no significant changes during soil drying until light saturated stomatal conductance(gssat) was smaller than 0.15 mol m~(–2) s~(–1). Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in m during two different water supply conditions separated by gssat at 0.15 mol m~(–2) s~(–1). Furthermore, the misestimation of V_(cmax) and J_(max) had great impacts on the net photosynthesis rate simulation, whereas, the underestimation of m resulted in underestimated stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and an overestimation of water use efficiency. Our work demonstrates that the impact of severe environmental conditions and specific growing stages on the variation of key model parameters should be taken into account for simulating gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Meanwhile, modification of m and V_(cmax)(and J_(max)) successively based on water stress severity might be adopted to simulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere under drought. 相似文献
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为评价60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照灭菌对葛根提取物品质的影响效应及其差异性,采用不同剂量的60Co-γ射线(0、2.8、5.7、8.3、10.6 kGy)和电子束(0、2.4、5.1、7.7、10.3 kGy)辐照处理葛根提取物,研究辐照对其微生物总数、抗氧化活性及指纹图谱的影响。结果表明,60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照均能有效降低葛根提取物中需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数,随着吸收剂量增大,抑制作用增强。60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照吸收剂量分别为5.7 kGy和5.1 kGy时,葛根提取物均达到《中国药典》所规定的微生物限度标准(需氧菌总数为103 CFU·g-1、霉菌和酵母菌总数为102 CFU·g-1);吸收剂量分别为5.7 kGy和7.7 kGy时,需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数均降至10 CFU·g-1以下。此外,大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)与沙门氏菌(Salmonella)均未检出。2种辐照方式均对葛根提取物的DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率、羟自由基(·OH)清除率以及总还原能力无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同剂量60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照处理葛根提取物特征峰的相似度达到1.0,且相对保留时间的相对标准差(RSD)均小于0.5%,表明2种辐照方式对葛根提取物指纹图谱均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对葛根提取物微生物具有较强的抑制作用,2种辐照方式均不会对葛根提取物的抗氧化活性及指纹图谱产生显著影响,不影响葛根提取物的有效性及质量稳定性。该研究为2种辐照技术,特别是电子束辐照在葛根药材、饮片及其中成药制剂灭菌中的合理应用提供了科学参考。 相似文献
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During 11 breeding seasons, 351 7- to 10-day-old horse embryos were nonsurgically transferred into recipients that ovulated between 3 and 10 days earlier. Pregnancy rates at 14 and 40 days and foaling rates were 77.8% (273/351), 69.2% (243/351), and 64.4% (226/351), respectively. Pregnancy loss between 14 and 40 days was 11% and between 40 days and delivery was 7%. The transfer of quality grade 3 to 4 embryos resulted in a significantly lower pregnancy rate at 14 days compared with the transfer of grade 1 to 2 embryos (46.2% vs. 79%; P < .05). Eight-day-old embryos resulted in significantly lower pregnancy losses than day 9 or 10 embryos, as occurred for embryos between 400 and 1200 μm compared with embryos <400 μm. Embryos recovered from mares >20 years resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy loss rate than those recovered from younger mares. The same happened for embryos coming from mares affected by reproductive pathologies compared with healthy mares performing sport activity. None of the evaluated parameters influenced recipients' foaling rate significantly. 相似文献
36.
范清钰 《农业科研经济管理》2014,(1):17-20
"收入倍增计划"是党的"十八大"所提出的目标,即"到2020年实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番"的宏伟目标。作为欠发达的农村地区,怎样实现"收入倍增计划"这一目标是一项艰巨而重大的历史课题。文章以"立足基层、用活政策、激发活力、服务农民"为宗旨,研究其经济现状和发展潜力,探析未来发展新路径,在找准难题中破解难题,为欠发达地区农村实现"收入倍增计划"目标提供理论和实践参考,具有重大的社会价值和现实意义。 相似文献
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张素梅 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,43(6)
利用ANSYS有限元软件对单源载热体(导热油加热,水冷却)和双源载热体(热油和蒸汽同时加热,冷油和水同时冷却)的热压板孔道结构分别进行传热仿真分析,得到相应的温度分布云图及热压板温度随时间的变化曲线.传热仿真分析结果显示,在同样条件下用双源载热体把热压板加热到140℃所用的时间比单源载热体少200 s,双源载热体加热热压板板面最大温差1.2℃;双源载热体冷却所用的时间比单源载热体少330 s,板面最大温差2.6℃.表明采用双源载热体产品可达到优等品的生产要求.同时设计了与双源载热体相适应的载热体输送管道结构. 相似文献
40.
J. L. Snider G. D. Collins J. Whitaker C. D. Perry D. R. Chastain 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2014,200(1):77-82
Despite exhaustive literature describing drought stress effects on photosynthesis in Gossypium hirsutum, the sensitivity of photosynthetic electron flow to water deficit is heavily debated. To address this, G. hirsutum plants were grown at a field site near Camilla, GA under contrasting irrigation regimes, and pre‐dawn water potential (ΨPD), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) were measured at multiple times during the 2012 growing season. ΨPD values ranged from ?0.3 to ?1.1 MPa. Stomatal conductance exhibited a strong (r2 = 0.697), sigmoidal response to ΨPD, where gs was ≤0.1 mol m?2 s?1 at ΨPD values ≤ ?0.86 MPa. Neither ΦPSII (r2 = 0.015) nor ETR (r2 = 0.010) was affected by ΨPD, despite exceptionally low ΨPD values (?1.1 MPa) causing a 71.7 % decline in PN relative to values predicted for well‐watered G. hirsutum leaves at ΨPD = ?0.3 MPa. Further, PN was strongly influenced by gs, whereas ETR and ΦPSII were not. We conclude that photosynthetic electron flow through photosystem II is insensitive to water deficit in field‐grown G. hirsutum. 相似文献